The pre-start excitement of the heads of many Russian football clubs is associated not only with how their team will start the season, but also with where it starts, on which field. After all, permission to hold home matches at the home stadium can only be obtained if it is absolutely ready. Including if the coverage and markings comply with all the necessary requirements of the federation and the league.
Football rectangle
Football is one of the oldest and most conservative sports. Its rules were established in October 1863 in a renowned UK traditionally, and changed quite rarely and with great difficulty. Especially when it comes to the markup of the field prescribed in the first paragraph. They were finally formulated by FIFA, the International Football Federation, on June 1, 2013.
In particular, the length of a football field established by the rules of 1863, in its shape - a rectangle, is a distance of at least 100 and not more than 130 English yards. In terms of meters - from 90 to 120. The width of the field is from 45 to 90 meters (50-100 yards). The optimal ratio of length and width is 105x68 m.
Much more stringent requirements are imposed on stadiums where international matches are held with the participation of the best professional club teams and national teams of the country. Compliance with the criteria is monitored not only by national, but also by international federations. In Europe, for example, this is done by UEFA, the Union of Continental Football Associations. UEFA legal field lengths are between 100 and 110 m (110-120 yards). Width - 64 to 75 m (70-80 yards).
Markup for the well-aimed
The last changes in the marking of the field were made in 1901 and 1937, when a penalty area and a nine-meter arc appeared from the point from which free kicks-penalty kicks were made. Make it in the same lines, the width of which should not exceed 12 centimeters (5 inches). The two long lines that are the borders of the field are called sidelines. Two short ones - with goal lines. Moreover, the first should be longer than the second.
There is also a center line connecting the two side lines, on which a 0.3 m (1 ft) diameter mark is made for the center of the field. It is surrounded by a 9, 15 m (10 yards) circle. It is from here that the starting kick on the ball is made at the beginning of the first and all subsequent, in the case of extra time in cup matches, halves. The team that conceded a goal resumes from it.
Special zones
If the entire field exists for the maneuvers of ten field players, then for the goalkeeper this space is limited not only by the goal, but also by two rectangles. One of them is called the gate area. Another, larger one, is in the penalty area. Only in them can the goalkeeper catch, hit and put the ball into play with his hands.
The dimensions of the first square, from where all the so-called goal kicks are performed (7, 32x2, 44 m), are 18, 32x5, 5 m (20x6 yards). The dimensions of the second, where at a distance of 11 meters (12 yards) from the goal line there is a "point" for taking a penalty, are 40, 32 by 16, 5 m (44x18 yards).
Another special football zone is the technical one, located one meter from the bench of each of the teams. The sideline of the field is also drawn one meter from the technical area. This zone is mainly used by the coaches of the teams to convey instructions to the players.
We look at the corner
In football, the term “standard position” includes penalties, free throws, free kicks and corner kicks. The latter are performed after placing the ball in a special arc drawn in each of the corners of the field. The radius of these arcs is 1 meter (1 yard). There are also flagpoles showing the corners with fixed flags of bright colors.
Natural and artificial
The main surface of football fields is a natural herbal mixture. To create, various combinations of clover, bluegrass, fescue, bent grass and ryegrass are used, capable of withstanding the prolonged impact of not only the players and the judge running on it, but also the weather.
This herbal mixture should have good grip on the boot and a good springiness for both the footballer and the ball. The playing lawn is built in two ways - they grow the grass right in the stadium or they bring it in the form of rolls of turf and roll it across the field.
Not the warmest Russian climate does not allow playing football, especially in early spring and late autumn, in stadiums with natural turf. That is why many main or spare, as well as training football fields in our country are made either with a heating system from drain pipes laid under the field, or with artificial "grass".
It consists of green plastic fibers fixed to each other and constituting a synthetic carpet with a sand and crumb rubber seal. In addition, there is also a mixed coating, when artificial "blades of grass" are sewn into the natural turf - for better quality and longer use.
