Skiing is one of the most popular and accessible for all kinds of sports. Thanks to skiing, you can significantly increase the indicators of strength, agility and endurance. Skiing has a beneficial effect on human health and keeps it in good shape. There are several types of skiing.
Ski race
Cross-country skiing is a cyclic sport. They are ski races for different lengths of distance on specially prepared tracks. Cross-country skiing has the following varieties:
- Split start, in which the athletes start at a certain interval, usually 30 seconds, and the result of the races is calculated as the difference between the finish time and the start time.
- Mass start, in which the athletes start together. The result of the races is the finish time of the athletes.
- Pursuit races. In this case, the competition is held in several stages, after each of which, according to the result obtained, the starting position at the new stage is determined.
- Relay races. This cross-country skiing is a team competition. Each of them consists of 3-4 stages. There are 3-4 athletes in the team who pass the baton to each other after the passed stage.
- Individual sprint, according to the rules of which, the competition begins with the qualifying stage. The one who has passed the qualification participates in the final stages of the sprint.
- Team sprint, which is held as a relay race of teams of two participants, alternately changing each other after a certain number of laps on the track.
Skiing
Alpine skiing is a descent from a mountain along a route marked with a special gate. For this, special alpine skis are used, which are heavier, shorter and wider than racing skis. In this sport, clear parameters are always determined for the length of the track, the height difference and the number of gates installed. There are several types of skiing:
- Slalom: passing a track 450-500 m long with a vertical drop of 60-150 m; the athlete is obliged to drive through all established gates.
- Super-giant: unlike regular slalom, the track is longer here, there are more height differences and the number of gates, and the relief is more diverse (bumps, inclines, drops); all this allows athletes to develop great speed.
- Giant slalom: the gate is installed even more often than in the super-giant, which requires more skill from the athletes when passing the route.
- Parallel Slalom: two riders compete at the same time on the same parallel tracks.
- Downhill: the fastest and most dangerous type of alpine skiing, where speeds of up to 140 km / h develop on certain sections of the track.
- Combination: combining downhill and slalom, the winner is determined by the sum of the less time in the two disciplines.
Ski jumping
Ski jumping is a mixture of jump-flight on special ski-wings. Having dispersed from the mountain and taking off from the ground, the athlete tries to regulate the flight with the planes of the skis, while as if lying on an invisible support and parting with it only upon landing.
Ski nordic
Combined skiing, also called Nordic Combination, combines ski jumping and cross-country skiing. Athletes make two jump attempts from a 90-meter springboard, points for which are added up, and then participate in a 15 km freestyle race.
Snowboard
Snowboard is a discipline in which exercises are performed on one special ski (snowboard). There are several types of sports:
- Parallel Giant Slalom: Two athletes compete at the same time on the same parallel tracks.
- Parallel Slalom: Differences from Parallel Giant Slalom in a shorter course length.
- Snowboard cross: there are certain requirements for the track, which must contain a sufficient number of relief figures, which allows athletes to increase their speed while passing the distance. First, the qualifying stage is held, and then the final stage.
- Big air: after acceleration from a great height, the athlete performs many tricks in flight.
- Half-pipe: the track is a snow gutter (half-pipe means "half pipe"), sliding along which from edge to edge, athletes perform jumps and other acrobatic tricks.
- Slopestyle: athletes navigate a course with many obstacles (railings, jumping zones, etc.).
Freestyle
Freestyle is translated as "freestyle" and represents the performance of various tricks and jumps on skis. Divided into several disciplines:
- Ski acrobatics: on a special springboard, athletes must perform several jumps and acrobatic elements.
- Mogul: athletes go down the slope on which moguls or mounds are staggered; each athlete performs two jumps from the trampolines located on the track; speed, descent technique and jumps are taken into account.
- Ski cross: race on a ski track with numerous jumps, waves and turns; qualification is carried out first, and then the final stages.
- Halfpipe: on a special track in the form of a gutter, athletes demonstrate various tricks; their complexity, technique and purity of execution are taken into account.
In addition to purely skiing sports, there are disciplines that include skiing elements:
- biathlon,
- ski tourism, - orienteering skiing, - ski mountaineering.
