Volleyball in the form in which it is now known did not form immediately. Different conditions and individuals influenced its formation and development, changes in the competition regulations, the creation of new rules and the formation of its popularity in the world.
Instructions
Step 1
The founder of the game of volleyball is William J. Morgan, a physical education teacher at a college in Holyoke, who, for the sake of an experiment, in 1895 hung a tennis net at a height of almost 2 m, and students began to throw a basketball camera over it. Initially, Morgan called his invention a "mortar", but later, at the suggestion of Professor Alfred T. Halsted, the game was renamed volleyball.
Step 2
In 1897, the first rules for the game of volleyball were spelled out. The number of players was any, you could touch the ball as many times as you like, as long as it does not touch the site. A point could only be earned by serving, and an unsuccessful attempt to serve resulted in a re-serve. The size of the court was 25 x 50 feet, the height of the net was 6.5 feet, the ball was 25-27 inches in diameter and weighed 340 g. The game in the party was up to 21 points.
Step 3
The basic rules that are used in volleyball today were formed in the period from 1915 to 1925. The modern dimensions of the court and the ball, the height of the net for men's and women's competitions were approved, the simultaneous presence of 6 players on the court was determined, only 3 ball touches are allowed. The difference from modern volleyball was that the game went up to 15 points, which were counted for winning only on its own serve. In Asia at that time, volleyball was held according to its own rules, different from the whole world.
Step 4
The first nationwide competition was held in 1922 in Brooklyn. The sports volleyball organization was first created in Czechoslovakia in the form of the Basketball and Volleyball Union. A little later, national volleyball federations appeared in Bulgaria, USA, USSR, Japan. The main techniques (attacking and deceiving strikes, serving, passing, group and single block) and tactics of the game were formed by trial and error.
Step 5
In 1947, the International Volleyball Federation was organized. At that time, only 14 countries were representatives in it. For comparison: now it unites 220 national volleyball federations. In 1949, the first world championship among men's volleyball teams was held. In 1951, at the Congress of the International Volleyball Federation, matches of 5 games were approved, time-outs and substitutions of players were allowed.
Step 6
In 1957, volleyball was recognized as an Olympic sport, the first volleyball tournament was held at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics. It is noteworthy that the men's national team of the USSR became the first Olympic volleyball champions. After the Games, some technical aspects were changed: antennas appeared along the edges of the net, indicating an out "in the air", and also penalties appeared in the form of yellow and red cards.
Step 7
The International Volleyball Federation, in order to further popularize this sport, strives to make matches more spectacular, suitable for the format of television programs. A positive change in the regulations in this direction was the holding of games according to the rally-point system (now points were counted also in case of someone else's serve), which is still used. Attempts were made to limit games in time or to play them only up to 17 points, but these moments did not take root.
Step 8
Now matches are held until victory in three games (maximum - 5 games) up to 25 points, with 5 games or tie-breaks being played up to 15 points. The number of players of one team on the court is 6 people, and instead of the blocker, after serving, the libero, the receiving player, comes to the back line. The number of touches of the ball in a rally must not exceed 3 times, with the exception of a touch on the block. The size of the court is 18 x 9 m, the weight of the ball is 260-280 g, and its diameter is 65-67 cm.
Step 9
In modern rules, errors are spelled out when performing each element of the game (when serving, during the rally), the presence of which is monitored by the judges. Failure to comply with the line-up and a warning for unsportsmanlike behavior of players or coaches is also punished with a point. Recently, at most competitions, they try to use a video replay system, because in modern volleyball, speeds have increased and it is not always possible to see the place where the ball falls or touches it on the block.
Step 10
With the development of volleyball, the tactics of the game also changed. The binders began to play faster. The growth of volleyball players has increased, the power of the blow and the height of the jump have become significant. If earlier there were very few athletes above 2 m, now in top teams only liberos and setters can be below this mark. There are exceptions, though: some players who are well below the average height of volleyball players achieve high results thanks to special tactics and techniques.
