The main tasks of physical culture are the preservation and strengthening of health, the formation of a healthy lifestyle. Its basic elements were developed in the ancient world, while the term "physical culture" itself appeared relatively recently.
Instructions
Step 1
The birth of physical culture began in primitive times, when people began to notice that for a more successful hunt and effective protection from enemies, they need to be stronger, dexterous and enduring. The elders of the tribe specially prepared children for the possible difficulties of life: they forced them to lift heavy stones, taught to throw a spear, shoot a bow, run fast, etc.
Step 2
As civilization developed, special schools appeared in which children were taught to march, run, javelin, jump, etc. Many such schools were opened in Sparta, an ancient Greek state, where physical education was the most important goal in the formation of future generations. Classes combining games, wrestling, ceremonies, dances were called "gymnastics".
Step 3
The Olympic Games, held every four years in ancient Greek Olympia, also testified to the value of human physical development already in those distant times. Their program included various competitions in strength and courage. The strongest heroes in all respects won the games. At the time of the Olympic Games, wars ceased, a truce was established, the winners became real heroes.
Step 4
The tradition of hosting the Olympic Games was lost with the coming to power of the Romans, in 394 AD. But, despite this, in the Middle Ages in some countries, various "Olympic" competitions were repeatedly held (England, France, Greece). Modern world traditions in the field of sports and physical culture have preserved the holding of the Summer and Winter Olympic Games, which were revived at the end of the 19th century in France.
Step 5
The term "physical culture" in its modern sense arose at the end of the 19th century in England. However, it did not receive wide distribution in Western countries and was replaced by the term "Sport". In Russia, the concept of "physical culture" was officially used only at the beginning of the 20th century, when secondary schools for Soviet children began to open.
Step 6
In 1918, the Institute of Physical Culture was opened in Moscow, at the same time the journal "Physical Culture" began to be published. A subject with the generally accepted abbreviated name "physical education" was introduced in schools and is still being taught. The Ministry of Education developed and approved lesson plans for this discipline, as well as the mandatory number of teaching hours allocated to it, and established a system of standards for students.
Step 7
In order to improve the health of the nation and promote a healthy lifestyle in Soviet times, one of the components of mass physical culture was industrial physical exercises at various enterprises of the USSR.
Step 8
From 1931 to 1991, there was a physical training program for the TRP ("Ready for Labor and Defense of the USSR") in various institutions of the country, including schools, various professional and sports organizations. It included standards for different age groups in different sports, including running, pulling up on the bar, long and high jumping, throwing a ball, swimming, etc. Those who passed the TRP standards received special badges. Since 2015, by the approved order of the President of the Russian Federation V. V. Putin, the results of the TRP standards will again be taken into account when entering universities.
